Abstract This observational study aimed to describe and analyze data from two external evaluations of the National Program for Improving Access to and Quality of Dental Specialty Centers (PMAQ CEO), held in 2014 and 2018 in Brazil, which evaluated Dental Specialty Centers (CEO) using a national and census approach. We selected questions through a search in the microdata of the first and second evaluations. The groups were analyzed independently. To compare the groups, nonparametric tests were performed (Mann Whitney U). The formulated hypotheses were: there would be no differences between the data of these groups (h0) and there would be differences between the data of these groups (h1). For qualitative nominal variables, frequency distribution was verified and association tests were performed (chi-square test). The significance level for this study was set at 5%. We observed that orthodontic treatments were found in about 13% of the CEO. Regarding human resources, most professionals were specialists or had MSc or PhD degrees; were civil servants; had been hired by direct administration; or had been hired via public tender. Regarding the work process and inclusion of the CEO in the health care network, we observed a greater number of services that use single and electronic medical records, greater presence of services monitoring and analyzing goals, greater knowledge about monthly average of absenteeism (for 2018); and larger number of services with referrals from primary health care centers (for 2014). Expanding the view on orthodontics and including preventive, interceptive, and corrective treatments at different points in health care networks are essential strategies for achieving comprehensive care in universal health systems.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability and performance of the agronomic traits of wheat cultivars in the southern region of Minas Gerais for the purpose of choosing parents for a rainfed wheat breeding program. We evaluated 78 wheat cultivars in two locations in Minas Gerais regarding different agronomic traits. The statistical analyses were carried out using Henderson’s mixed-model approach. The genetic values of the cultivars were predicted, and the heritabilities and accuracies were estimated for selection of cultivars. The cultivar × location interaction was decomposed into its simple and complex fractions. The genetic and environmental correlations between the traits were estimated, and selection was made for multiple traits using the sum of the standardized variables (Z-index). The genetic variance was significant for all the traits, and the cultivar × location interaction was significant. By the Z-index, 15 wheat cultivars more adapted were identified.

ABSTRACT. The BRSMG Uai common bean cultivar (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) unites traits required by producers, such as high yield and upright stands, the latter of which is considerably improved in relation to previously released cultivars such as BRSMG Madrepérola and Pérola. However, the potential of the cultivar to form symbiotic relationships with rhizobia to fix N2 has not yet been assessed. Here, field experiments were conducted to assess the efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in the cultivar, and to compare this to the efficiencies of other genetic materials widely grown throughout Brazil (BRSMG Madrepérola and Pérola). Experiments were conducted on two Oxisols in Minas Gerais State, Brazil (one during the dry season in the south, and the other during the winter season in the Alto-Paranaíba region), under a no-tillage system over maize stover. A randomized block experimental design was implemented in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with four replicates. Individual and combined Analysis of Variance were performed and the data were normalized. Homogeneity of the residual mean squares was observed. Significant effects of factors were identified by Scott-Knott tests and F tests. The BRSMG Uai cultivar responded to inoculation with the rhizobial strain CIAT 899, with yields similar to those achieved upon fertilization with 80 kg ha-1 of N-urea and to the yields of the BRSMG Madrepérola and Pérola cultivars inoculated with the same rhizobial strain. In terms of commercial use, this cultivar may be successful under either of the management practices adopted for N supply, and from the perspective of plant breeding, it has potential for inclusion in breeding programs directed toward improving BNF.

Resumo Objetivo: O estudo investiga o incentivo de tributação nos planos da família PGBL e VGBL, respondendo: qual a melhor escolha, que minimiza o Imposto de Renda, entre as opções de planos, cruzadas com os regimes progressivo e regressivo? Referencial teórico: A partir da taxonomia de incentivos tributários (Disney & Whitehouse, 1999) e efeitos econômicos (Barr & Diamond, 2009; Armstrong, Davis & Ebell, 2015), foi fundamentada a tomada de decisão individual, baseada em Sutcliffe (2016). Metodologia: Utilizamos abordagem inovadora ao calcularmos o valor presente líquido dos fluxos nominais de caixa atuarial bruto e líquido de imposto, aplicados à função objetivo que minimiza a alíquota média efetiva de Imposto de Renda, cuja definição é obtida de Fullerton (1984). Criamos um simulador para a tomada de decisão ótima de indivíduos representativos quanto ao regime tributário eleito, reduzindo, dessa forma, o valor de imposto a pagar. Implicações práticas e sociais da pesquisa: Orientamos os poupadores de PGBL e VGBL quanto à melhor decisão sobre o regime tributário e contribuímos para influenciar o aperfeiçoamento da legislação tributária. Contribuições: O estudo traz como contribuição principal o cálculo das rendas atuariais brutas e líquidas de Imposto de Renda, impactadas pela inflação ao longo do tempo, além das variáveis tradicionalmente utilizadas, como juros reais, receitas tributáveis, despesas dedutíveis, idade, sexo e tábua biométrica.

Abstract Purpose: The study investigates incentives in two types of private pension plans in Brazil: PGBL and VGBL. It identifies which one to choose to minimize income tax, considering both progressive and regressive forms of taxation. Theoretical framework: Based on Sutcliffe (2016), the individual decision-making process depends on the taxonomy of tax incentives (Disney & Whitehouse, 1999) and economic effects (Barr & Diamond, 2009; Armstrong, Davis, & Ebell, 2015). Design/methodology/approach: This study used an innovative approach, calculating the actuarial present value gross and net of tax for nominal cash flows, applied to the objective function that minimizes the average effective income tax rate: according to the definition by Fullerton (1984). A simulator was created for the optimal decision of representative individuals regarding the form of taxation to choose, thus reducing the amount of tax payable. Research Practical & Social implications: We advise those with PGBL and VGBL pension plans on the best decision regarding forms of taxation, thus contributing to an improvement in tax legislation. Originality/value: The study’s main contribution lies in calculating actuarial annuity gross and net of income tax, impacted by inflation over time, in addition to calculating traditional variables such as real interest rate, taxable income, deductible expenses, age, sex, and the life table.

RESUMO As atuais recomendações de doses de nitrogênio (N) podem não contemplar a dinâmica complexa do N no solo, o que pode implicar em insuficiência à demanda da cultura. Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de dois medidores portáteis de clorofila (Minolta SPAD 502 e ClorofiLOG modelo CFL 1030), após a definição do índice de suficiência de nitrogênio (ISN), para estimar o fator de adubação nitrogenada em genótipos modernos de feijão. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos, com 4 repetições. Cada experimento foi composto por quatro tratamentos, com doses de 0; 5; 10; e 20 kg ha-1 de N para cada 1 % considerado abaixo do ISN definido como adequado para cada cultivar. Ao final do ciclo, foram avaliados os componentes de produção e a produtividade. Não foi possível a obtenção de ajustes precisos na metodologia para a cultivar TAA Gol. O fator de adubação de 12,5 kg ha-1 de N a cada 1 % abaixo do ISN de 90 % mostrou-se eficiente para a cultivar Pérola, quando utilizado o clorofilômetro SPAD-502. Em genótipos com características de porte e ciclo semelhantes às da cultivar BRSMG Uai e linhagem VR 20, com a utilização de fator de adubação entre 14 e 16 kg ha-1 de N, o ISN de 95 % deve ser reduzido, visando aumentar a eficiência da adubação nitrogenada.

ABSTRACT The current recommendations for nitrogen (N) doses may not contemplate the complex dynamics of N in the soil, what may imply in insufficiency to the crop demand. This study aimed to evaluate the use of two portable chlorophyll meters (Minolta SPAD 502 and ClorofiLOG model CFL 1030), after defining the nitrogen sufficiency index (NSI), to estimate the nitrogen fertilization factor in modern bean genotypes. A block design was used, with four replications. Each experiment consisted of four treatments, with doses of 0, 5, 10 and 20 kg ha-1 of N for each 1 % considered below the NSI defined as adequate for each cultivar. At the end of the cycle, the production components and yield were evaluated. It was not possible to obtain precise adjustments in the methodology for the TAA Gol cultivar. The fertilization factor of 12.5 kg ha-1 of N for each 1 % below the NSI of 90 % proved to be efficient for the Pérola cultivar, when the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter was used. In genotypes with size and cycle characteristics similar to those of the BRSMG Uai cultivar and the VR 20 strain, using a fertilization factor between 14 and 16 kg ha-1 of N, the NSI of 95 % must be reduced, in order to increase the efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization.

RESUMO Clorofilômetros portáteis podem ser utilizados para melhorar a previsão de doses de nitrogênio (N) em feijoeiro. Objetivou-se avaliar dois clorofilômetros (Minolta SPAD-502 e ClorofiLOG CFL 1030) para predizer doses de N em cobertura para as cultivares Pérola, TAA Gol, BRSMG Uai e para a linhagem VR 20. Oito experimentos de campo (quatro genótipos e dois dispositivos) foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, cujos tratamentos consistiram na aplicação de N em cobertura correspondendo a quatro índices de suficiência de nitrogênio. Houve discrepâncias entre os índices obtidos pelos diferentes dispositivos para o mesmo genótipo, bem como entre os obtidos com o mesmo dispositivo para os diferentes genótipos estudados. Assim, quando o índice é utilizado para definir as doses de N, deve-se considerar o genótipo e o clorofilômetro utilizado. Além disso, o índice recomendado de 95 % não deve ser generalizado para todas as cultivares e deve ser reduzido.

ABSTRACT Portable chlorophyll meters can be used to improve the prediction of nitrogen (N) doses for common bean. This study aimed to evaluate two chlorophyll meters (Minolta SPAD-502 and ClorofiLOG CFL 1030) to predict topdressing N doses for the Pérola, TAA Gol and BRSMG Uai cultivars and for the VR 20 line. Eight field experiments (four genotypes and two devices) were carried out in a randomized blocks design, with four replicates, being the treatments topdressing N applications corresponding to four nitrogen sufficiency indices. There were discrepancies between the indices obtained by the different devices for the same genotype, as well as among those obtained with the same device for the different genotypes studied. Thus, when the index is used to define the N doses, the genotype and the chlorophyll meter used must be considered. In addition, the recommended index of 95 % should not be generalized to all the cultivars and should be reduced.

Resumo Introdução: A Rede CUF em 18 de março, disponibilizou o Hospital CUF Infante Santo (HCIS) como hospital de referência para os doentes com COVID-19 na área da grande Lisboa. O internamento do doente não crítico (IDNC) ficou a cargo de uma equipa médica dedicada (EMD) constituída por médicos do Cluster Tejo, sob coordenação da Medicina Interna. Este estudo reporta as principais características demográficas e clínicas da população internada no IDNC. Material e métodos: Estudo retrospetivo analisando os doentes admitidos entre 27 de março e 7 de maio de 2020, no IDNC. Os critérios para diagnóstico de COVID-19 basearam-se na confirmação laboratorial e/ou critérios de diagnóstico imagiológicos. Excluíram-se da análise os doentes inicialmente suspeitos, mas cujo diagnóstico final encontrado foi outro. Clinicamente, o doente não crítico foi definido como tendo um Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) entre 0-2. Os dados foram coletados do processo clínico eletrónico e da base de dados criada para seguimento destes doentes. Apresentam-se as características demográficas, clínicas, exames complementares, terapêutica e resultados. Resultados: Incluíram-se 44 doentes, média de idades 67 anos, 52,3% homens. Divididos em grupos de acordo com a apresentação, com pneumonia em 75%, os restantes com outra apresentação. Proveniência: domicílio 81,8%, residência sénior 11,4% e outro hospital 8%. Fatores de risco para doença mais grave foram: Idade > 65 anos, 56,8%, hipertensão arterial 59%, doença respiratória crónica 15,9%, obesidade 15,9%, neoplasia ativa 13,6%, diabetes 11,4%, cardiopatia isquémica 11,4%, insuficiência cardíaca 6,8%, imunossupressão 6,8%, com índice de comorbilidades de Charlson média de 3.6. Agravamento clínico significativo com necessidade de escalar cuidados em três doentes (6,8%), em dois (4,5%) com ventilação mecânica invasiva, adicionalmente registado um óbito (2,3%). Demora média de internamento 10 dias, três (6,8%) doentes foram transferidos para outro hospital e 40 (91%) tiveram alta. Discussão: A casuística apresentada representa o primeiro grupo de doentes não críticos internados com COVID-19 na Rede CUF da Região de Lisboa. Houve evolução e mortalidade intra-hospitalar abaixo do expectável para as características desta população, nomeadamente perante a presença de fatores de risco para doença mais grave e elevado índice de comorbilidades. Conclusão: A interpretação dos resultados obtidos fica condicionada ao pequeno tamanho da amostra e às incertezas ainda existentes nesta nova doença.

Abstract Introduction: On 18th March, CUF Group made the CUF Infante Santo Hospital (HCIS) available as the reference hospital for patients with COVID-19, in Lisbon area. The dedicated medical team (DMT) formed by doctors from the Tejo Cluster, under the coordination of Internal Medicine, was responsible for the non-critical patients’ hospitalization (NCPH). This study reports the main demographic and clinical features of the admitted population. Material and methods: Retrospective study that analysis the features of NCPH, between 27th March and 7th May 2020. The diagnosis criteria for COVID-19 were based on laboratorial confirmation and/or imaging criteria. The non-critical patient was defined as the patient that presented a Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) between 0 and 2. Data was collected from patient’s electronic clinical files and from the database created for the follow-up of these specific patients. Demographic and clinical features, complementary exams, therapy and results are presented in this paper. Results: We included 44 patients in the study, the mean age was 67 years old, 52.3% were male. Patients were divided in groups according to the presence of Pneumonia (75%) or not (25%). Origin of the patients: home 81.8%, nursing home 11.4% and other hospital 8%. Distribution according to risk factors of severe disease was: Age >65 years old (56.8%), high blood pressure (59%), chronic respiratory disease (15.9%), obesity (15.9%), active cancer (13.6%), diabetes (11.4%), ischemic heart disease (11.4%), heart failure (6.8%), immunosuppression (6.8%), with a mean score of Charlson’s comorbidity index of 3.6. There was an increase on the severity of the clinical status of 3 patients (6.8%) requiring an escalation of the clinical care, leading to 2 (4.5%) patients requiring assisted ventilation and 1 death (2.3%). Mean length of stay was 10 days, 3 (6.8%) patients were transferred to another hospital and 40 (91%) were discharged. Discussion: The sample presented in this study, represents the first group of non-critical patients admitted with COVID-19 into CUF Health care units in Lisbon region. Taking into account the admitted population (namely risk factors for severe disease and an elevated comorbidity index), evolution and in-hospital mortality were better than expected. Conclusion: Interpretation of these results is conditioned by the small size of this sample and the existing uncertainties with this new disease.

This “short communication” describes the possibilities of using Teleodontology to expand and qualify health care in oral health care networks. WHO already recommended to its member countries, including Brazil, even before the pandemic, the use of Telehealth as a strategy to improve the quality of its services, especially in the context of universal health systems, as the Unified Health System In the current context, Teleodontology opens opportunities for oral health to resume the offer of various services, remotely, such as: 1. tracking, active search, monitoring users of priority groups, at risk and with systemic problems, monitoring of suspected cases of COVID-19 and its contacts, via telemonitoration; 2. initial listening, individual and collective educational activities, among others, through teleorientation; 3. discussion of clinical cases to define the opportune moment to perform operative procedures among professionals of different levels of care, matrix support, sharing and soluting doubts between professionals or between professionals and teaching and research institutions, through teleconsulting, among others . In addition to a literature review on Teleodontology in the context of the pandemic, an important contribution of this “short communication” is the conceptualization of the terms used and possibilities they offer to SUS professionals, in addition to specifying the possible protocols for recording these activities, in order to provide service managers with secure data for monitoring and evaluating the work process. In addition, we bring a brief discussion with some promising experiences, carried out in the pre- and trans-pandemic context, which can consolidate themselves as important strategies for the resumption of oral health in the post-pandemic scenario.

Este “short communication” descreve as possibilidades de utilização da Teleodontologia para ampliação e qualificação do cuidado em saúde nas redes de atenção à saúde bucal. A OMS já recomendava aos seus países membros, mesmo antes da pandemia, o Telessaúde como estratégia para melhorar a qualidade dos serviços, especialmente nos sistemas universais, como é o caso do Sistema Único de Saúde. A Teleodontologia abre oportunidades para que a saúde bucal retome a oferta de diversos serviços, de forma remota, como: 1. rastreamento, busca ativa, monitoramento de usuários prioritários, de risco e com problemas sistêmicos, de suspeitas de COVID-19 e contactantes, através do Telemonitamento; 2. escuta inicial, atividades educativas individuais ou coletivas, através da Teleorientação; 3. discussão de casos clínicos para a definição da oportunidade/necessidade de procedimentos operatórios, matriciamento, compartilhamento, solução de dúvidas entre profissionais e entre estes e instituições de ensino e pesquisa, por Teleconsultorias, entre outros. Além de uma revisão sobre a Teleodontologia no contexto da pandemia, conceituamos os termos utilizados e possibilidades que oferecem aos profissionais do SUS, além de especificar os protocolos possíveis para registro dessas atividades, a fim de fornecer dados seguros para seu monitoramento e avaliação. Ademais, trazemos uma breve discussão com experiências promissoras, realizadas nos contextos pré e trans pandemia, que podem ser importantes estratégias para a retomada da saúde bucal no cenário pós pandemia.

Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las nuevas acciones de recaudación e inspección de impuestos, llevadas a cabo por la Administración Tributaria de São Paulo, a la luz de los principios de viabilidad, eficiencia, iniciativa libre y libre competencia, especialmente en relación con la influencia que pueden ejercer sobre la moral tributaria de los contribuyentes paulistas, considerando las limitaciones inherentes a la capacidad institucional de la agencia y las nuevas tendencias en el cumplimiento tributario cooperativo.

Abstract This article aims to analyze the new actions of collection and inspection of taxes, carried out by the Tax Administration of São Paulo, in the light of the principles of practicability, efficiency, free initiative and free competition, especially in relation to the influence they can exert on tax morality of São Paulo taxpayers, considering the limitations inherent to the institutional capacity of the agency and the new trends in cooperative tax compliance.

Resumo: Este artigo objetiva analisar as novas ações de cobrança e fiscalização de tributos, realizadas pela Administração Tributária de São Paulo, sob a luz dos princípios da praticabilidade, eficiência, livre iniciativa e livre concorrência, mormente em relação à influência que podem exercer sobre a moral tributária dos contribuintes paulistas, considerando-se as limitações inerentes à capacidade institucional do órgão e as novas tendências em matéria de cumprimento tributário cooperativo.

Abstract This paper describes the possibilities of using Teledentistry to expand and qualify health care in oral health care networks. WHO already recommended to its member countries, even before the pandemic, Telehealth as a strategy to improve the quality of services, especially in universal systems, as the Unified Health System (SUS). Teledentistry opens opportunities for oral health to resume the provision of various services, remotely, such as: 1) Tracking, active search, monitoring of priority users, those at risk and with systemic problems, suspicions of COVID-19 and contacts, through Telemonitation; 2) Initial listening, individual or collective educational activities, through Teleorientation; 3) Discussion of clinical cases for the definition of the opportunity / need for operative procedures, matrix support, sharing, solution of doubts among professionals and between these and teaching and research institutions, by Teleconsulting, among others. In addition to a review of Teledentistry in the context of the pandemic, we conceptualized the terms used and possibilities offered to SUS professionals, in addition to specifying the possible protocols for recording these activities to provide safe data for their monitoring and evaluation. Besides, we bring a brief discussion with promising experiences, carried out in the pre- and trans-pandemic contexts, which can be important strategies for the resumption of oral health in the post-pandemic scenario.

Resumo Este estudo mensura a alteração de riqueza do segurado pela reforma da Proposta de Emenda à Constituição n. 287/2016 (PEC 287, 2016), com a criação do pedágio e alterações na idade mínima, fatores de reposição, média dos salários de contribuição e percentual de reversão das pensões. Propõe-se o uso do indicador valor presente líquido atuarial aplicado ao fluxo de caixa esperado das contribuições e benefícios de aposentadoria programada, por invalidez e pensão por morte, além da reversão a cônjuge com continuidade a filhos menores. Os mais atingidos negativamente são aqueles com idade próxima à aposentadoria por idade e pouco tempo de contribuição. Porém, para grupos com grande tempo de contribuição (mais de 29 anos para homens e 21 para mulheres) e idades entre 45 e 55 anos, para homens, e entre 40 e 54 anos, para mulheres, há um surpreendente ganho de riqueza atuarial.

Abstract This study calculates the impact of the changes in the individual pension wealth due to the proposed constitutional amendment 287/2016 that provides on the retirement eligibility age, benefit replacement rate, benefit accrual formula, and reduced percentage of family benefits. It uses the expected cash flow in actuarial net present value for the contributions and benefits of voluntary retirement, disability retirement, and death pension, in addition to family benefits. The results show that the most affected, are those of almost full retirement age with little contribution time. However, surprisingly, for groups with a high contribution period (more than 29 years for men and 21 for women) and aged between 45 and 55 years for men and between 40 and 54 for women there is an actuarial wealth gain.

Resumen Este estudio mensura la alteración de riqueza del asegurado por la reforma de la Propuesta de Enmienda a la Constitución (PEC) 287/2016, con la creación del peaje fiscal y alteraciones en el tiempo mínimo de contribución, factores de reposición, media de las contribuciones y porcentual de reversión de las pensiones. Se propone uso del indicador valor presente neto actuarial aplicado al flujo de caja esperado de las contribuciones y beneficios de jubilación programada, por invalidez y pensión por muerte, además de la reversión al cónyuge con continuidad a hijos menores. Los más afectados negativamente son aquellos con edad próxima a la jubilación por edad y poco tiempo de contribución. Sin embargo, para grupos con gran tiempo de contribución (más de 29 años para hombres y de 21 para mujeres) y edades entre 45 y 55 años para hombres y entre 40 y 54 para mujeres hay un sorprendente beneficio de riqueza actuarial.

Abstract HDR syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the GATA3 gene and characterized by hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness and renal abnormalities. Here we report a Brazilian family, from which the proband, his mother and his grandfather were diagnosed with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Molecular screening of the GJB2, GJB6 and MTRNR1 genes in the proband showed no alterations; however, whole exome sequencing detected a heterozygous mutation, c.1099C > T (p.Arg367*), in the GATA3 gene. Segregation analyses showed that the mother also had the mutation, but not the grandparents, hence indicating a different hearing impairment type for the grandfather. Paternity test of the mother of the proband confirmed that she has a de novo mutation. Furthermore, HDR syndrome was confirmed with new clinical evaluations showing right kidney agenesis in the proband. This is the first study reporting only deafness and renal abnormalities as symptoms of the p.Arg367* mutation in the GATA3 gene, and also the sixth HDR syndrome case in the world, and the first on the American continent. Together with other reported cases, this study highlights the variability of HDR syndrome symptoms in individuals with the p.Arg367* mutation, emphasizing the importance of molecular analyses for correct diagnosis.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade da inoculação líquida de Rhizobium etli no sulco de semeadura e certificar a eficiência da estirpe UFLA 02-100 como inoculante potencial para o feijoeiro-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris). Os tratamentos consistiram de três doses do inoculante líquido aplicadas aos sulcos e uma dose aplicada às sementes de feijão-comum, além de dois controles sem inoculação. O inoculante continha 109células de Rhizobium etli mL-1. Independentemente do método de aplicação, a produtividade obtida com a inoculação foi equivalente à da aplicação de N da ureia, mas a aplicação ao sulco, com 0,6 L ha-1, é mais vantajosa pela praticidade operacional e redução de custos.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of liquid medium inoculation of Rhizobium etli in the planting furrow and to certify the efficiency of its strain UFLA 02-100 as a potential inoculant for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The treatments consisted of three application rates of liquid inoculant applied in the planting furrows or in common bean seed, besides two controls without inoculation. The inoculant contained 109 cells of Rhizobium etli mL-1. Regardless of the application method, the yield obtained with the inoculation was equivalent to that of N from urea; however, the application in the furrows, at 0.6 L ha-1, is more advantageous due to the operational practicality and reduced costs.

Symbiosis of common bean with nitrogen-fixing bacteria can lead to a reduction in production costs and in environmental impacts. Considering the diversity of soils and climates, it is important to validate bacterial strains under different conditions to consolidate their recommendation as inoculants. Studies concerning the economic viability of Rhizobium inoculation in common bean are few, but they could assist in choosing the strain to be adopted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Rhizobium strains isolated from acid soils from the Amazon inoculated in seeds of the BRSMG Madrepérola cultivar and to evaluate the economic viability of their use in the field. Four field experiments were conducted in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used with four replications and seven treatments: inoculation with the strains CIAT 899 (Rhizobium tropici), UFLA 02-100 (R. etli), UFLA 02-68 (R. etli bv. mimosae), UFLA 02-127 (R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli), and UFLA 04-173 (R. miluonense),plus two controls, one without inoculation + mineral nitrogen (N-urea) at a rate of 80 kg N ha-1 and another without inoculation and without mineral N. The strain CIAT 899 is already recommended for the manufacture of a commercial inoculant, and the others, collected in the Amazon Forest, have proven to be highly effective in biological nitrogen fixation. Symbiosis of common bean with all the strains evaluated leads to satisfactory yields, with reduction in the application rate of mineral nitrogen and in environmental impacts and, consequently, reduction in economic costs, with higher profitability.

Resumo Introdução Dentes com ampla destruição coronária e tratados endodonticamente necessitam de retentores intrarradiculares para viabilizar a restauração protética. Apesar do crescente uso de pinos intrarradiculares pré-fabricados, os retentores intrarradiculares metálicos fundidos ainda são muito utilizados. A qualidade desses é importante para a longevidade do tratamento restaurador, pois podem levar ao insucesso quando seus princípios fundamentais não são seguidos. Objetivo Avaliar radiograficamente os princípios protéticos de 1000 retentores intrarradiculares metálicos fundidos em dentes unirradiculares e a coerência dos mesmos com os princípios para sua confecção. Material e método Foram selecionadas radiografias periapicais digitais de 1000 dentes unirradiculares que receberam tratamento endodôntico e retentores intrarradiculares metálicos fundidos, através do acervo de uma clínica radiológica (Centro de Imagem, Aracaju/SE, Brasil). As imagens foram analisadas através de um software de mensuração (ImageJ, EUA) de acordo com os princípios fundamentais protéticos: comprimento e diâmetro do pino, relação do pino com a crista óssea, contiguidade ao canal, espaço entre o remanescente obturador e o pino, quantidade de material obturador e ausência de lesão periapical. Os dados foram tabulados, analisados qualitativamente em ideais e não ideais e submetidos ao teste do Qui-Quadrado (α=0,05). Resultado Apenas 6,7% dos retentores intrarradiculares fundidos analisados foi confeccionado de forma satisfatória. Conclusão Muitos critérios protéticos são negligenciados durante a confecção de retentores intrarradiculares metálicos fundidos, resultando em trabalhos inadequados que podem comprometer a longevidade do tratamento restaurador.

Abstract Introduction Endodontically treated teeth with extensive coronary destruction require posts and cores to enable prosthetic restoration. Despite the increasing use of prefabricated posts, cast metal posts and cores are still widely used. The quality of the latter is important for the longevity of restorative treatment, and failure can occur if the fundamental principles are not followed. Objective To radiographically evaluate the prosthetic principles of 1000 cast metal post-and-core restorations performed in single-rooted teeth and their coherence with the principles used for their confection. Material and method Digital periapical radiographs of 1000 endodontically treated, single-rooted teeth with cast metal posts and cores were selected from the collection of a radiology clinic (Centro de Imagem, Aracaju/SE, Brazil). The images were analyzed using a measurement software (ImageJ, USA) in accordance with the fundamental prosthetic principles: length and diameter of the post, ratio between post and bone crest, contiguity of post to the root canal, gap between post and the remaining root canal filling, amount of remaining root canal filling, and absence of periapical lesion. The data were qualitatively analyzed, classified into ideal and not ideal, and submitted to the chi-square test (α=0.05). Result Only 6.7% of the cast metal posts analyzed were satisfactorily fabricated. Conclusion Many prosthetic criteria are neglected during the manufacturing of cast metal post and cores, resulting in inadequate work that may compromise the longevity of restorative treatments.